Lotis R. Racines and Edwin B. Fabillar In quantum mechanics, relativistic correction to the energy levels of a system is used when it is introduced by a little disturbance we often recognized as . Fine structure is an example of this where the splitting of spectral lines of atoms is due to its first-order relativistic [...]

LUTCHIE DYAN S. MENDOZA In the May 15, 1935 issue of Physical Review , Albert Einstein co-authored a paper with his two postdoctoral research associates at the Institute for Advanced Study, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen. The paper, known as EPR, became a centerpiece in debates, challenging the validity of Quantum Theory. The paper features [...]

Marichu T. Miscala In quantum mechanics, the presence of spin-orbit coupling gives rise to the Hamiltonian that will no longer commute with , and , so the spin and orbital momenta are not separately conserved. In order to understand this concept better, a commutation problem for orbital angular momentum , spin , and spin-orbital momentum is presented [...]

Lotis R. Racines Einstein never liked quantum mechanics. He didn’t like the idea that the momentum of a particle, if it’s position was known, was completely unknowable: that is, random [1]. He even said that: “God does not play dice with the universe.” which was referred to Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics that there exists [...]

Catherine Therese J. Quiñones The virial theorem is a general theorem relating the potential energy (V) and the kinetic energy (T) in a bound system.  A simple physical example is a small object orbiting around another object  bound by a force as in the case of a hydrogen atom. The average kinetic energy and potential [...]